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Pharmacogenetics of Central Nervous system drugs
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Genetic predisposition to cardiovascular diseases –
Polygenic Risk Score
(PRS)
34% of CNS drugs side effects are caused by gene – drug interactions and not by drug – drug interactions.
Precision Medicine is the emerging field of Medicine for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases based on the inter-individual differences that are driven by genes, the environment and lifestyle. This approach allows physicians and researchers to accurately predict which treatment is appropriate for each patient on an individual basis. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies and analyses patients' response to drugs, through correlating their gene expression or genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) with drug efficacy or toxicity.
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies and analyses patients' response to drugs, through correlating their gene expression or genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) with drug efficacy or toxicity.
PGx analysis benefits
Optimal treatment choice and reduced possibility of treatment failure
Patients do not respond to medication the same way, therefore drugs do not have the same degree of effectiveness
‘Trial and error’ approach is avoided
Fewer side effects
Serious drug side effects (e.g., chronic liver or kidney damage) can be prevented by identifying genetic polymorphisms
Treatment cost reduction
Reducing the side effects of failed drug trials, response times and polypharmacy to treat a condition, leads to a substantial cost reduction in healthcare
Better quality of life for patients
Initiating treatment using medication with an improved efficacy and safety profile
Better treatment compliance
Reduced absence from work
Higher efficiency
PGx analysis significantly improved the therapeutic effect in psychiatric patients with depressive disorder (antipsychotics & antidepressants).
PGx analysis led to an increase in both the clinical response and remission in patients with major depression.
Fewer side effects
PGx analysis helps the physician to offer their patients
- the most effective treatment
- at the appropriate dose
- with the fewer possible side effects due to drug co-administration
Total treatment cost reduction
PGx analysis reduced the cost of care and treatment in patients with schizophrenia by 70%.
PGx analysis refers to patients
- With chronic diseases and polypharmacy
- After initial diagnosis
- Not responding to treatment
- Non – compliant to treatment
PGx analysis Contents
The report identifies the DNA bases of the sample and the alleles in the respective genes for each of the 24 polymorphisms tested. This genetic information is derived by laboratory processing and analysis of the DNA sample which is used for the interpretation of the pharmacogenetic relationships.
In addition, there is information on factors affecting drug efficacy and / or safety depending on the patient's pharmacogenetic profile.
More specifically, information is provided regarding drug administration, including response, clearance and metabolism of drugs, as well as side effects such as weight gain, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridaemia and tardive dyskinesia.
iDNA PGx CNS Test
iDNA PGx CNS Test offers Pharmacogenetic analysis of drugs related to Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. IDNA PGx CNS Test aids the physician in choosing the appropriate personalised treatment: the appropriate drug at the right dose for minimum side effects and optimal patient response.
The iDNA PGx CNS is an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device bearing the CE mark and has been notified to the National Medicines Agency (EOF) Medical Devices Register "Gremdis" (Protocol No. 54854 / 23-05-2022).
Genetic predisposition to cardiovascular diseases –
Polygenic Risk Score
(PRS)
PRS is associated with the prospect of intervention, including prioritization of preventive measures and presymptomatic testing, initiation and frequency of testing, as well as lifestyle modification and clinical decision-making.
Benefits of Cardio Health for healthcare professionals
Improving cardiovascular disease risk underestimation
Improving cardiovascular disease risk underestimation
Current tools for assessing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases may significantly underestimate the risk.
The PRS can be used by the physician to reclassify individuals whose risk had been underestimated, for example from an intermediate risk category to a high-risk category.
Scientific article: Ripatti, S., et al., 2010
Tikkanen, E., et al., 2013
Improving compliance and efficiency
Individuals who have knowledge of their PRS, and specifically those at higher risk, demonstrate higher compliance with their treatment or favorable lifestyle changes.
The higher the treatment adherence, the greater its effectiveness. On the contrary, poor adherence can lead to treatment failure.
Scientific article:Kullo, I.J., et al., 2016
Umans-Eckenhausen, M.A., et al., 2003
Higher benefits of primary prevention in high-risk individuals
The higher the treatment adherence, the greater its effectiveness. On the contrary, poor adherence can lead to treatment failure.
People with a high PRS (>80% of the population) are at a particularly increased risk of undesired disease manifestation. By initiating primary prevention (e.g. statin therapy), high-risk individuals benefit more by achieving a significantly greater reduction in their relative ten-year risk.
Scientific article:Mega, J.L., et al., 2015
Natarajan, P., et al., 2017
Higher benefits to young adults
PRS implementation can reduce the average healthcare cost, improve Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and prevent future cardiovascular events, with significant benefits in young individuals with borderline/intermediate risk.
Scientific article: Mujwara, D., et al., 2022
Prevalence of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation by PRS percentile.
Coronary artery calcification by lifestyle and PRS.
Coronary heart disease events by statin treatment and PRS category.
Initial PRS results in the Greek population
Percentage of the population per PRS category, after using the iDNA Cardio Health (n=447)
Genes examined
The iDNA Cardio Health examines a plethora of genes that contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
iDNA Cardio
Health Kit
The iDNA Cardio Health kit is an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device of Genetic Analysis and phenotypic traits for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease based on the Polygenic Risk score (PRS & Adjusted PRS).
The iDNA Cardio Health kit is an in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device bearing the CE mark and has been notified to the National Medicines Agency (EOF) Medical Devices Register "Gremdis" (Protocol No. 54882 / 23-05-2022).